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Interview Questions
Practice 9403 coding, system design and machine learning questions from 546 companies, sorted by role, topic and interview round. Every question has step-by-step hints, a code runner that supports 8 languages and an AI mentor; members also get the full solution walkthrough.
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Showing 8971–9000 of 9403 results
- Virtu FinancialMediumData ScientistCompute probability in urn with green returns
Compute probability in urn with green returns evaluates statistical assumptions, formulas, estimation strategy, uncertainty, edge cases, and interpretation in a realistic interview setting. A strong answer states assumptions, handles edge cases, explains trade-offs, and shows how to validate the result clearly.
Statistics & MathTechnical Screen - Virtu FinancialMediumData ScientistCompute probability with colored balls draws
This interview question evaluates statistical assumptions, formulas, estimation strategy, uncertainty, edge cases, and interpretation in a realistic interview setting. A strong answer for Compute probability with colored balls draws states assumptions, handles edge cases, explains trade-offs, and shows how to validate the result clearly.
Statistics & MathTechnical Screen - Virtu FinancialMediumData ScientistImplement Connect Four Winner Detection
This question evaluates the ability to design and implement game-state logic for a Connect Four-style board, covering board data structures, coordinate and boundary handling, gravity-based token placement, and efficient pattern detection for consecutive tokens in the Coding & Algorithms domain.
Coding & AlgorithmsTechnical Screen - Virtu FinancialMediumData ScientistMaximize Points by Buying Cost-Multiplier Cards
This problem tests your ability to determine an optimal ordering strategy and apply dynamic programming to maximize a cumulative score subject to specific operations.
Coding & AlgorithmsTechnical ScreenDynamic ProgrammingGreedyOptimization - Virtu FinancialHardQuantitative ResearcherMaximum Edges in a Triangle-Free Graph
Determine the maximum number of edges an undirected, simple graph on n vertices can have without containing any triangle (K3), and construct one such extremal graph.
Coding & AlgorithmsOnsitegraph-theorymathcombinatorics - Virtu FinancialHardQuantitative ResearcherMaximum Total Height of Mountain-Shaped Towers Under Per-Plot Height Caps
Each plot in a row has a maximum allowed tower height. Choose tower heights that rise to a single peak and then fall, never exceeding any cap, so that the total height is as large as possible. Tests reasoning about the peak position, per-position caps, and 64-bit sums.
Coding & AlgorithmsOnline Assessment - Virtu FinancialHardQuantitative ResearcherMinimum Number of Transfers to Settle All Debts in a Group
Given a list of past loans between people, compute the minimum number of new money transfers needed so that everyone's net balance returns to zero. Tests reducing a transaction log to net balances and searching for the fewest settling transfers under small input bounds.
Coding & AlgorithmsOnline Assessment - Virtu FinancialHardQuantitative ResearcherReach a Target Pair by Repeatedly Adding One Coordinate to the Other
Starting from a pair of positive integers, each move adds one coordinate to the other. Decide whether an exact target pair can be reached. Tests reasoning about reachability when values go up to one billion and simulating every forward move is far too slow.
Coding & AlgorithmsOnline Assessment - Virtu FinancialMediumSoftware EngineerSolve Four Online Assessment Coding Tasks
Determine the maximum number of contiguous, non-empty subarrays an array can be partitioned into such that each subarray has the same sum.
Coding & AlgorithmsOnline AssessmentPrefix SumGreedyMath - VisaMediumSoftware EngineerAssemble a RAG Pipeline From Provided Python Interfaces and Explain Retrieval
Assemble a retrieval-augmented generation pipeline from provided Python interfaces, covering chunking, embedding, vector search and grounded prompting, then explain why embeddings and cosine similarity work for retrieval and when RAG beats fine-tuning or long context. It tests applied LLM engineering and clear reasoning with unfamiliar tooling.
Machine LearningOnsite - VisaMediumData ScientistAssess Cultural Fit and Motivation in Visa Interview
This interview question evaluates behavioral evidence, ownership, communication, trade-offs, and measurable outcomes in a realistic interview setting. A strong answer for Assess Cultural Fit and Motivation in Visa Interview states assumptions, handles edge cases, explains trade-offs, and shows how to validate the result clearly.
Behavioral & LeadershipHR Screen - VisaMediumSoftware EngineerBehavioral: Solving a Hard Problem Simply and Breaking a Complex Project Into Parts
Two senior behavioral prompts about complexity: describe a hard problem you solved with a simple solution, and a time you split a complex project into manageable parts. They probe judgment about simplicity, handling ambiguity, decomposition and sequencing, personal ownership, and measurable results.
Behavioral & LeadershipOther - VisaMediumSoftware EngineerCompute distinct sums from limited coins
This question evaluates algorithmic problem-solving skills in combinatorics and resource-constrained subset-sum computation, focusing on dynamic programming, optimization, and complexity analysis within the Coding & Algorithms domain.
Coding & AlgorithmsTechnical Screen - VisaMediumSoftware EngineerCount Connected Groups in a Relationship Matrix
Determine the number of connected components in an undirected graph represented by an adjacency matrix, accounting for transitive relationships.
Coding & AlgorithmsOnline AssessmentGraphDFSBFS - VisaMediumSoftware Engineer ICount Cross-Array Pairs with a Target Sum
Tests linear-time frequency-map counting across two independent arrays to find pairs that sum to a target, properly accounting for duplicates and 64-bit integer overflow.
Coding & AlgorithmsOnline AssessmentHash TableArrayCounting - VisaMediumSoftware Engineer ICount Islands in a Binary Grid
This problem tests graph traversal techniques on a 2D grid, focusing on identifying connected components without modifying the original input or exceeding recursion limits.
Coding & AlgorithmsOnline AssessmentGraphsDFSBFS - VisaMediumSoftware EngineerCount Space-Separated Words Made Only of Letters and Basic Punctuation
A string-processing coding problem: split a sentence on spaces and count the tokens that contain only English letters and the punctuation marks comma, period, question mark and exclamation mark. It tests careful tokenization with repeated spaces and exact character-class rules.
Coding & AlgorithmsOnline Assessment - VisaHardSoftware EngineerCount Subsequences That Move Between Positions
This problem tests dynamic programming skills, specifically the ability to count subsequences that satisfy a positional movement constraint based on element parity.
Coding & AlgorithmsTechnical ScreenDynamic ProgrammingMathArrays - VisaMediumSoftware Engineer IDesign E-Commerce Tables and Indexes for Recent-Spend Queries
This question tests database schema normalization, data integrity in e-commerce transactions, and the ability to optimize SQL queries using indexing strategies.
System DesignOnline AssessmentSQLDatabase DesignIndexing - VisaMediumSoftware EngineerDesign a Ride-Hailing Backend That Matches Riders With Nearby Drivers
Design the backend of an Uber-style ride-hailing service that matches riders with nearby drivers, streams live locations, and tracks trips to completion. It tests requirement scoping, geospatial indexing for moving drivers, race-free dispatch, real-time updates, failure handling, and the ability to lead a design discussion.
System DesignOnsite - VisaHardSoftware EngineerDesign an experiment assignment service
This question evaluates system-design and analytics competencies for online experimentation platforms in the Analytics & Experimentation domain, focusing on deterministic sticky assignment, configuration storage, eligibility targeting, traffic allocation, mutual exclusion, overrides, exposure logging, metric tagging, privacy/compliance, latency and availability targets, experiment lifecycle, and high-level architecture. It is commonly asked because it assesses both conceptual understanding and practical system-design application of distributed-system trade-offs, scalability, data integrity, operational reliability, and privacy constraints, and gauges the ability to define high-level APIs, architecture, and justify key trade-offs.
Analytics & ExperimentationTechnical Screen - VisaMediumSoftware EngineerDesign rotating warehouse simulator with closures
This question evaluates algorithmic skills in designing efficient dynamic data structures and performing event-driven simulation with mutable state, specifically managing cyclic capacity resets and permanent closures in the Coding & Algorithms domain.
Coding & AlgorithmsOnsite - VisaMediumSoftware EngineerEarliest K-Minute Meeting Start from Text Schedules with Inclusive Busy Times
A scheduling coding problem: given everyone's busy intervals as text entries with inclusive minute times, find the earliest start for a meeting of k minutes after the day's first busy minute, or report that none exists. It tests time parsing, merging overlapping intervals and off-by-one boundaries.
Coding & AlgorithmsOnline Assessment - VisaMediumSoftware EngineerFind the Index of a Target in a Sorted Array of Distinct Integers
Practice locating a target value in a strictly increasing array of distinct integers, returning its zero-based index or -1 when it is absent. The task checks logarithmic-time search over sorted data, precise loop boundaries, and correct handling of single-element arrays and values that fall between or outside the stored elements.
Coding & AlgorithmsOnsite - VisaMediumSoftware EngineerFind the Minimum Edge Score on a Path Between Two Cities
This problem tests the ability to optimize for the bottleneck edge in a path rather than the total path cost, typically solvable using a modified Dijkstra's algorithm or a Union-Find approach.
Coding & AlgorithmsOnline AssessmentGraphsDijkstraUnion-Find - VisaMediumSoftware Engineer IFind the Shortest Distance in a Weighted Undirected Graph
This problem tests the implementation of Dijkstra's algorithm using a priority queue to find the shortest path in a weighted undirected graph.
Coding & AlgorithmsOnline AssessmentGraphsDijkstraPriority Queue - VisaMediumSoftware EngineerJava Fundamentals: Polymorphism and Monolith Versus Microservices
A Java fundamentals question pair: explain polymorphism, including overriding, dynamic dispatch and overload resolution, and compare monolithic and microservices architectures. It tests precise language mechanics, concrete examples, and balanced reasoning about deployment, scaling, consistency and operational trade-offs.
Software Engineering FundamentalsOnsite - VisaMediumSoftware EngineerLongest Strictly Rising Four-Direction Walk in an Integer Grid
A grid coding problem: find the length of the longest walk of strictly increasing values in an integer matrix, moving only up, down, left or right. It tests modeling a grid as a graph, handling equal neighboring values correctly, and an efficient search over grids of up to 40,000 cells.
Coding & AlgorithmsOnsite - VisaMediumSoftware EngineerMaintain pair-sum counts under replacements
This question evaluates the ability to design dynamic data structures and perform algorithmic complexity analysis for maintaining pair-sum counts under element replacements, testing skills in efficient query/update handling and scalability.
Coding & AlgorithmsOnsite - VisaMediumSoftware EngineerMaximize Index-Weighted Array Sum When Each Element Swaps at Most Once
An array optimization problem: maximize the sum of each element times its index when any two elements may be swapped but every element can take part in at most one swap. It tests modeling the at-most-once rule precisely and finding the best set of disjoint swaps within small input limits.
Coding & AlgorithmsOnline Assessment
Virtu Financial
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