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Test coin fairness from 560 tails in 1000 flips

DatabricksData Scientist · Technical Screen

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This problem evaluates hypothesis testing for proportions—formulating null and alternative hypotheses, applying the binomial-to-normal approximation, and interpreting p-values; it belongs to Statistics & Math for Data Scientist roles and is pitched at an introductory/undergraduate applied statistics level.

You flip a coin n = 1000 times and observe 560 tails.

At significance level α = 0.05, test whether the coin is fair.

  • State the null and alternative hypotheses.
  • Show the test statistic and its distribution/approximation.
  • Compute (or approximate) the p-value.
  • State your conclusion.

Assume an i.i.d. Bernoulli model for tails with probability p.