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Probability of Reaching a Chip Target Under Bold Betting

SIG (Susquehanna)Quantitative Trader · Online Assessment

Last updated

A gambling probability question: starting with A chips and aiming for B, a player uses bold play, staking either all chips or just what is needed to reach the target, and wins each even-money round with probability p. It asks for the probability of reaching the target before going broke, testing recursive state analysis.

You start with $A$ chips and want to reach $B$ chips, where $A$ and $B$ are integers with $B > A > 0$. Each round you place an even-money bet that you win with probability $p$: a win adds the amount you staked, and a loss removes it. You play boldly: holding $x$ chips, you stake whichever is smaller, all $x$ chips or the $B - x$ chips you still need. Play stops when you reach $B$ chips or run out. What is the probability that you reach $B$ chips before going broke?

The specific values of $A$, $B$ and $p$ are generated randomly, and each question states the required output format.

Constraints and Clarifications

  • $A$ and $B$ are integers with $B > A > 0$, and $p$ is a probability; write $q = 1 - p$.
  • Bets pay even money, and rounds are independent.
  • With $x$ chips the stake is $\min(x, B - x)$, so every stake is a whole number of chips.

Clarifying Questions

  • Does a winning bet pay exactly the stake, or some other multiple of it?
  • When you hold exactly half the target, is the stake all of your chips, which is also exactly what you need?
  • Is the answer wanted as an expression in $p$, or as a number for the given values?

Hints

Hint 1

Follow the chip count: Write the success probability from each chip count in terms of the counts one round can lead to, and check whether that chain of counts always ends.

Follow-up questions

  • If you bet one chip per round instead, what is the probability of success, and for which $p$ is bold play better?
  • What is the expected number of rounds under bold play?
  • How does the analysis change if a winning bet pays twice the stake?