Implement a Shape interface using OOP

Problem Statement

Design a system that represents geometric shapes using Object-Oriented Programming principles. You are required to define a common interface Shape and implement two concrete classes: Circle and Rectangle.

Requirements

1. Define a Shape interface (or abstract base class) with the following methods:

   • area(): returns the area of the shape as a float.
   • perimeter(): returns the perimeter of the shape as a float.
   • getInfo(): returns a string description of the shape.

2. Implement Circle:

   • Constructor takes radius (float).
   • Ensure radius is non-negative. Throw an exception if it is invalid.
   • Implement the Shape interface.

3. Implement Rectangle:

   • Constructor takes width and height (floats).
   • Ensure width and height are non-negative. Throw an exception if invalid.
   • Implement the Shape interface.

Example Usage

# Example of expected behavior
shapes = [Circle(5.0), Rectangle(4.0, 6.0)]

for s in shapes:
    print(f"{s.getInfo()}: Area={s.area():.2f}, Perimeter={s.perimeter():.2f}")

# Expected Output:
# Circle (radius: 5.00): Area=78.54, Perimeter=31.42
# Rectangle (width: 4.00, height: 6.00): Area=24.00, Perimeter=20.00

Constraints

• Use encapsulation by making properties private.
• Ensure the classes are immutable (properties should not be changeable after initialization).
• Handle edge cases like zero or negative values in the constructor.