Design JSON serialization for circular references

Design a JSON serialization and deserialization strategy that correctly handles circular references between objects (e.g., two dictionaries referencing each other as a 'partner'). Describe how you would: detect cycles; assign and manage stable object identifiers; prevent infinite recursion; preserve shared subobjects versus copying; choose and justify a traversal order (BFS vs. DFS); ensure determinism across runs; support primitives (str, int) and dictionaries; validate and secure the format against malicious inputs; and maintain cross-language compatibility if memory addresses are not stable. Analyze time and space complexity and discuss trade-offs among alternative designs (e.g., reference tables, anchor/alias schemes, or custom schemas).