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Compare heap, stack, Protobuf, gRPC, SQL, CI/CD

Booking.comSoftware Engineer · Technical Screen
MediumSoftware EngineerTechnical ScreenSystem Design

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Compare heap, stack, Protobuf, gRPC, SQL, CI/CD evaluates requirements, scale assumptions, API/data design, architecture, trade-offs, failure modes, and rollout in a realistic interview setting. A strong answer states assumptions, handles edge cases, explains trade-offs, and shows how to validate the result clearly.

Question

What is the difference between heap and stack memory? Compare Protobuf and JSON for data serialization. Compare gRPC and traditional RPC mechanisms. When is event streaming (e.g., Kafka) appropriate? When should you use a table join in SQL? What does SQL stand for? What does CI/CD stand for?